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No One Is Quite Sure Why Ice Is Slippery The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine.The reason we can gracefully glide on an ice-skating rink or clumsily slip on an icy sidewalk is that the surface of ice is coated by a thin watery layer. Scientists generally agree that this lubricating, liquidlike layer is what makes ice slippery. They disagree, though, about why the layer forms.Three main theories about the phenomenon have been debated over the past two centuries. Last year, researchers in Germany put forward a fourth hypothesis that they say solves the puzzle.But does it? A consensus feels nearer but has yet to be reached. For now, the slippery problem remains open.Hypothesis 1: PressureIn the mid-1800s, an English engineer named James Thomson suggested that when we step on ice, the pressure we exert melts its surface, making it slippery. Under normal conditions, ice melts when the temperature rises to 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit). But pressure lowers its melting point, so that even at lower temperatures, a layer of water might form on the surface. This theoretical relationship between melting point and pressure was experimentally confirmed by Thomson’s younger brother William, better known as Lord Kelvin.In the 1930s, though, Frank P. Bowden and T. P. Hughes of the Laboratory of Physical Chemistry at the University of Cambridge cast doubt on the pressure melting theory. They calculated that an average skier exerts way too little pressure to significantly alter ice’s melting p

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